#include <new>
// create<MyClass>(a, b) is equivalent to: new MyClass(a, b)
template<typename T, typename... Args>
__attribute__((malloc)) static inline T * create(Args... args) {
    T * ptr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(malloc(sizeof(T)));
    if (!ptr)
        panic("create: out of memory");
    new (ptr) T(args...);
    return ptr;
}

// allocate<MyClass>(10) is equivalent to: new MyClass[10]
// calls the default constructor for each item in the array.
template<typename T>
__attribute__((malloc)) static inline T * allocate(size_t count) {
    T * ptr = reinterpret_cast<T*>(malloc(count * sizeof(T)));
    if (!ptr)
        panic("allocate: out of memory");
    for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
        new (&ptr[i]) T;
    return ptr;
}

// calls destructors and frees the memory.
// the count parameter is only used to call destructors of array elements.
// provide a count of 1 if this is not an array,
// or a count of 0 to skip the destructors.
template<typename T>
static inline void destroy(T * ptr, size_t count) {
    if (ptr) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i += 1)
            ptr[i].~T();
    }
    free(ptr);
}

TCLib.lib(FltToCh.obj) : 
error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __dtoui3 referenced in function _FltToCh
Test1.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

// cl Problem1.cpp
#include <windows.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <stdio.h>


size_t __cdecl FltToCh(char* p, double x, size_t iFldWthTChrs, int iDecPlaces, char cDecimalSeperator, bool blnRightJustified)
{
 bool blnPositive,blnAbsValLessThanOne;
 bool blnRoundUpSuccessful=false;
 bool blnNeedToRoundUp=false;
 int iRoundingDigitLocation;
 size_t n,i=0,k=0;
 char* p1;
 
 p1=(char*)malloc(32);
 if(!p1)
    return 0;
 memset(p1,0,32);
 p1[0]=32, p1[1]=32;
 p1=p1+2;
 if(x>=0.0L)
    blnPositive=true;
 else
 { 
    blnPositive=false;
    x=x*-1.0L;
 }
 if(x<1.00000000000000L)
    blnAbsValLessThanOne=true;
 else
    blnAbsValLessThanOne=false;
 n=(size_t)x;
 while(n>0)
 {
   x=x/10;
   n=(size_t)x;
   i++;
 }
 *(p1+i) = cDecimalSeperator;
 x=x*10;
 n = (size_t)x;
 x = x-n;
 while(k<=17)
 {
   if(k == i)
      k++;
   *(p1+k)=48+(char)n;
   x=x*10;
   n = (size_t)x;
   x = x-n;
   k++;
 }
 *(p1+k) = '\0';
 iRoundingDigitLocation=(int)i+iDecPlaces+1;
 if(p1[iRoundingDigitLocation]>53)
    blnNeedToRoundUp=true;
 else
 {
    if(p1[iRoundingDigitLocation]==53  && p1[iRoundingDigitLocation-1] % 2)
       blnNeedToRoundUp=true;
 }
 p1[iRoundingDigitLocation]=0;
 if(blnNeedToRoundUp)
 { 
    int iStart=iRoundingDigitLocation-1;
    for(int h=iStart; h>=0; h--)
    {
        if(h==i)
           continue;
        else
        {
           if(p1[h]!=57 && p1[h]!=cDecimalSeperator)
           {
              p1[h]=p1[h]+1;
              blnRoundUpSuccessful=true;
              break;
           }
           else
              p1[h]=48;
        }
    }
 }
 if(blnPositive)
 {
    if(blnRoundUpSuccessful==false && blnNeedToRoundUp==true)
    { 
       p1[-1]=49;
       if(blnAbsValLessThanOne)
          blnAbsValLessThanOne=false;
    }   
    if(iDecPlaces==0)
       p1[i]='\0';     
    if(blnAbsValLessThanOne)
       p1[-1]=48;
 }
 else
 {
    if(blnRoundUpSuccessful==false && blnNeedToRoundUp==true)
    {
       p1[-1]=49;
       p1[-2]='-';
       if(blnAbsValLessThanOne)
          blnAbsValLessThanOne=false;
    }   
    if(iDecPlaces==0)
       p1[i]=0;     
    if(blnAbsValLessThanOne)
    {
       p1[-1]=48;
       p1[-2]='-';
    }
    else
    {
       if(p1[-1]==32)     
          p1[-1]='-';
    }       
 }
 
 int iSpaces=0;
 p1=p1-2;
 for(int i=0; i<18; i++)
 {
     if(p1[i]==32)
        iSpaces++;
 } 
 for(int i=0; i<18; i++) 
     p1[i]=p1[i+iSpaces];
 size_t iLen=strlen(p1);
 if(iLen>(iFldWthTChrs-1))
 {
	   memset(p,'F',iFldWthTChrs-1);
    p[iFldWthTChrs-1]=0;
    free(p1);
    return 0;
 }   
 char* pField=(char*)malloc(iFldWthTChrs);
 if(!pField)
 {
    free(p1);
    return 0;
 }
 size_t iDiff = iFldWthTChrs - iLen -1;
 if(blnRightJustified)
 {
    for(size_t i=0; i<iDiff; i++)
        pField[i]=32;
    pField[iDiff]=0;  
    strcat(pField,p1);
 }
 else
 {
    strcpy(pField,p1);
	   memset(pField+iLen,' ',iDiff);
    pField[iFldWthTChrs-1]=0;
 }
 strcpy(p,pField);
 free(p1);
 free(pField);
 
 return iFldWthTChrs-1;
}

int main()
{
 char szBuffer[16];
 double dblNumber;
 size_t iLen=0;
 
 memset(szBuffer, 0, 16);
 dblNumber=999.9999999;
 iLen=FltToCh(szBuffer, dblNumber, 16, 2, '.', false);
 printf("iLen     = %u\n",iLen);
 printf("szBuffer = %s\n",szBuffer);
 getchar();
 
 return 0;
}

C:\Code\VStudio\VC15\LibCTiny\x86\Test2>cl Problem1.cpp
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.00.23506 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Problem1.cpp
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.00.23506.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:Problem1.exe
Problem1.obj

C:\Code\VStudio\VC15\LibCTiny\x86\Test2>problem1
iLen     = 15
szBuffer = 1000.00

crt_con_a.obj          // start up code for console mode asci app
crt_con_w.obj          // start up code for console mode wide app
crt_win_a.obj          // start up code for windows gui asci app
crt_win_w.obj          // start up code for windows gui wide app
memset.obj
newdel.obj
printf.obj
sprintf.obj
_strnicmp.obj
strncpy.obj
strncmp.obj
_strrev.obj
strcat.obj
strcmp.obj
strcpy.obj
strlen.obj
getchar.obj
alloc.obj
alloc2.obj
allocsup.obj
FltToCh.obj           // my floating point to asci/Unicode characters
atol.obj
_atoi64.obj
abs.obj
win32_crt_math.obj    // molinkos code

// cl Test1.cpp /O1 /Os /GS- /Zc:sizedDealloc- /link TCLib.lib kernel32.lib               // doesn't work
// cl Test1.cpp /O1 /Os /GS- /link TCLib.lib kernel32.lib                                 // doesn't work
// cl Test1.cpp /O1 /Os /GS- /Zc:sizedDealloc- /link TCLib.lib FltToCh.obj kernel32.lib   // doesn't work
// 5,632 bytes with TCLib.lib  22 times smaller than with C Std. Lib.
//#define  UNICODE
//#define  _UNICODE
#include <windows.h>
#include "stdio.h"
#include "tchar.h"
extern "C" int _fltused=1;

int _tmain()
{
 TCHAR szBuffer[16];
 double dblNumber;
 
 dblNumber=999.9999999;
 FltToTChar(szBuffer, dblNumber, 12, 2, _T('.'),false);
 _tprintf(_T("%s\n"),szBuffer);
 getchar();

 return 0;
}

C:\Code\VStudio\VC15\LibCTiny\x86\Test2>cl Test1.cpp /O1 /Os /GS- /Zc:sizedDealloc- /link TCLib.lib kernel32.lib
Microsoft (R) C/C++ Optimizing Compiler Version 19.00.23506 for x86
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

Test1.cpp
Microsoft (R) Incremental Linker Version 14.00.23506.0
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.

/out:Test1.exe
TCLib.lib
kernel32.lib
Test1.obj
TCLib.lib(FltToCh.obj) : error LNK2019: unresolved external symbol __dtoui3 referenced in function _FltToCh
Test1.exe : fatal error LNK1120: 1 unresolved externals

size_t n;
double x;
n=(size_t)x;

size_t n;
double x;
n=(size_t)x;

unsigned int DoubleToU32(double x)
{
    unsigned int r;
    ...
    return r;
}

size_t n;
double x;
n=DoubleToU32(x);

unsigned int _dtoui3(double x) { ... }

unsigned int DoubleToU32(double x)
{
    return (unsigned int)_mm_cvtsd_si32(_mm_set_sd(x));
}

unsigned int DoubleToU32(double x)
{
    if (x >= double(2^31))
    {
        return 2^31 + _mm_cvtsd_si32(x - double(2^31));
    }
    return _mm_cvtsd_si32(x);
}