Emacs and vim have multiple clipboards since forever.
For simple editing stuff I usually use
notepad2. It is much better notepad than Windows one, but still one single executable. Not as advanced as notepad++, but I don't need all the fancy features. Just basic syntax highlighting and few extra operations (like sorting, newline conversion & similar).
For more advanced code editing I use
Far Manager. It is an orthodox file manager (look up in wikipedia what it is). You can look at it as IDE for files. It allows easy file management and also file editing. It includes many other more advanced feature - manipulating archive files, ftp/scp/sftp client, and many different plugins for other things. I use it for all my command-line work which includes C/C++ (and other language) file editing, compiling and running executables. I'm pretty fast in it, I can beat anybody who writes code in Visual Studio or any other editor in the office :)
I've used similar program also in DOS - started with Norton Commander, then moved to Volkov Commander and then finally DOS Navigator. Far Manager is best one on Windows. Students in informatics olympiads from former USSR countries and also Russia very often uses FarManger for writing code during the olympiad.
It can take a while to get good and fast with it, but I'm recommending everybody to try to use it. Only disadvantage is that it is Windows-only. It runs more or less fine under Wine, but that's not ideal.
Other useful coding related tools I use:
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ConEmu - Windows console replacement. Much better functionality. Main feature - resizable console window. It integrates very well with FarManager. It simply cannot stand using Windows without these two tools anymore (ConEmu and FarManager). It has also tabbed console windows, status bar, true colors and many other things if you like that. Also it has block copy&paste.
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Clink - hook into cmd.exe for bash style command-line editing/autocompletion. Much better autocompletion that default cmd.exe. Integrates well into ConEmu.
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hiew32 - Windows console disassembler, very nice tool to view contents of executable files - sections, symbols, imports/exports, and of course disassembly. Not free, but for me it was worth its price. Hiew was very popular in Russia cracking scene 20 or so years ago (not sure how it is now, probably everybody is using OllyDbg and IDA Pro now).
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the_silver_searcher - super fast grep in files.